Which type of virtualization encapsulates programs from the underlying operating system?

Application virtualization is a technology that allows applications to run in environments that are isolated from the underlying operating system. This means that the application operates independently of the operating system, providing a layer of abstraction that can help in compatibility, deployment, and management of software.

When applications are virtualized, they can be deployed on various devices without being tied to the specific configuration of the host OS, which aids in maintaining a consistent user experience. The encapsulation of the applications from the operating system can help mitigate issues related to application dependencies, simplify software distribution, and enhance security by limiting the application's access to the underlying system.

The other options do have their specifics but do not encapsulate programs in the same robust manner as application virtualization does. Containerization, for example, isolates applications but often relies on the host OS kernel, while application streaming typically involves delivering applications over a network rather than fully encapsulating them. Hyperconverged infrastructure refers more to the integration of storage and computing resources rather than the encapsulation of software applications from the OS. This makes application virtualization the right concept for the question regarding encapsulation.