Which type of processor architecture is commonly used in low-power devices like tablets and cellphones?

The correct answer is Advanced RISC Machine (ARM). ARM architecture is specifically designed for efficiency and low power consumption, making it ideal for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. It utilizes a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) design, which allows for fewer transistors and a more straightforward design compared to complex instruction sets. This results in lower heat generation and extended battery life—two critical factors for portable devices.

In addition to its power efficiency, ARM's scalability and versatility have enabled its widespread adoption in various applications beyond mobile devices, such as embedded systems and IoT (Internet of Things) applications. This adaptability contributes to its dominance in the mobile market.

Other architectures mentioned are used in different contexts. The x86 architecture is typically favored in laptops and desktops due to its performance capabilities but is less efficient in terms of power consumption compared to ARM. MIPS architecture was historically used in some embedded systems but has seen a decline in popularity in mobile computing. SPARC architecture, primarily used in enterprise servers, has no significant presence in low-power mobile devices. These characteristics define the preference for ARM in the mobile sector.