Which PDL was created by Adobe and is designed to be device-independent?

PostScript is a page description language (PDL) developed by Adobe that became a standard in the printing industry. Its design allows it to be device-independent, meaning that the same PostScript file can be printed accurately on different types of printers without needing to be altered for each device. This capability is crucial in ensuring consistency and reliability across various printing environments, which is one of the reasons PostScript gained widespread adoption.

PostScript achieves this by using a combination of vector graphics and text representation, allowing it to describe complex layouts and images in a way that can be interpreted by PostScript-compatible devices regardless of their model or manufacturer. Devices that support PostScript can reliably reproduce documents as they were meant to appear, illustrating its device independence.

The other options, while related to document representation and printing, do not share this same level of universal compatibility across devices that PostScript provides. For instance, PCL is often tied to specific printer brands, and while PDF is a widely used format for sharing documents, it is more about document presentation and preservation rather than direct device-independence in the same sense as PostScript. XML Paper Specification (XPS) is also a document format that may not achieve the same broad compatibility across different printers. Therefore, PostScript