Where is firmware typically stored on a motherboard?

Firmware is typically stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) on a motherboard. This is because ROM is non-volatile, meaning that it retains its information even when the power is turned off. Firmware is crucial as it provides the essential instructions for hardware initialization and control during the boot-up process. It is not intended for frequent changes, which aligns with the characteristics of ROM.

Although some modern systems also utilize flash memory for firmware, the traditional and more specific answer in the context of a motherboard is ROM. This storage method allows for stability and security of the firmware, reducing the risk of corruption that could occur in volatile memory like RAM or on a hard drive, which is primarily used for storing user data and applications.