What type of attack occurs when a threat actor escapes an isolated virtual machine to access the hypervisor?

The correct answer is the term describing when a threat actor manages to escape an isolated virtual machine to gain access to the hypervisor is known as VM Escape. This type of attack takes advantage of vulnerabilities in the virtualization software to bypass the boundaries between the virtual machines and the host hypervisor. When successful, this can allow an attacker to control not only the compromised virtual machine but also potentially other virtual machines running on the same hypervisor, leading to significant security risks and data breaches.

In contrast, the other terms do not accurately define this specific attack. VM Hopping refers to the ability to move between virtual machines without escaping the hypervisor or compromising it. A Hypervisor Breach is a broader term that could refer to any unauthorized access to the hypervisor, but it doesn't specifically encapsulate the action of escaping from one VM into the hypervisor. Network Spoofing involves falsifying network addresses or other identifiers to deceive a network, and it doesn’t relate to virtual machine environments.