What technology allows for the logical separation of devices within the same physical network?

The Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a technology that enables the logical separation of devices within the same physical network. By using VLANs, network administrators can segment a single physical network into multiple distinct logical networks. This segmentation helps in grouping devices based on function, department, or other criteria without the need for physical separation or additional hardware.

VLANs improve network efficiency and security by limiting broadcast traffic and isolating sensitive information. For example, devices in different VLANs can communicate with one another only through a router while remaining independent at Layer 2, which is critical for controlling access and maintaining security policies.

The other options represent different network types that do not focus on the aspect of logical separation within the same physical setup. A Wide Area Network (WAN) covers larger geographic areas and typically involves multiple networks rather than logical separation of devices. A Personal Area Network (PAN) pertains to connecting personal devices over a short range, like Bluetooth, and does not apply to larger networks. Lastly, a Storage Area Network (SAN) is specifically designed for attaching networked storage devices, focusing on storage solutions rather than the logical separation of general network devices.