What provides secure access to apps and resources through the use of code or phrases?

The correct choice is passwords, which serve as a primary method of securing access to applications and resources. Passwords are secret strings of characters known only to the user, functioning as a form of authentication. When a user inputs their password, it is compared against a stored representation, often hashed for security. If they match, the user is granted access to the designated resources.

Passwords are fundamental to many systems and serve as the first line of defense in identity verification. They can also be used in conjunction with other authentication methods, contributing to layered security.

While other options like encryption keys, secure tokens, and authentication codes also relate to secure access, they serve different functions. Encryption keys are used to encode and decode information, ensuring data confidentiality. Secure tokens are often used in two-factor authentication systems, providing a second layer of security beyond just a password. Authentication codes typically involve temporary codes, like those generated by apps, adding another layer of verification to the sign-in process. Thus, while these elements contribute to security, passwords directly provide access by verifying a user's identity through knowledge of a secret phrase or string.