What protocol operates on port 53 and is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses?

The Domain Name System (DNS) operates on port 53 and is essential for translating human-readable domain names, such as www.example.com, into numerical IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. This translation process is crucial for the functionality of the internet, as it allows users to access websites without needing to remember complex numerical addresses.

DNS plays a vital role in facilitating user-friendly navigation and is fundamental for web browsing and online connectivity. When a user enters a domain name in a web browser, a DNS query is generated and sent to a DNS server to retrieve the corresponding IP address. Once the IP address is obtained, the browser can connect to the server hosting the desired website.

The other options listed are associated with different functions and protocols. Secure Shell (SSH) operates on port 22 and is used for secure remote login and command execution, while Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) operates on port 25 and is employed for sending emails. Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), on the other hand, works on port 110 and is used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server. These protocols serve different purposes and do not relate to the function of translating domain names into IP addresses.