What is the typical basis of voltage levels in Europe and Asia for AC systems?

In Europe and many parts of Asia, the standard voltage level for alternating current (AC) electrical systems is typically 230 volts. This standard is widely adopted across various countries and is part of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards for electrical supply systems. The 230 volts is often combined with a frequency of 50 Hz, making it a common standard for household and commercial electrical appliances.

The choice of 230 volts is significant because it provides a balance between safety and efficiency for electrical power distribution. It is high enough to allow for the efficient transmission of power over distances, while still being within a safe range for usage in residential and commercial applications. This standardization is crucial for ensuring that electrical devices can be used across different countries without needing additional voltage converters, which is vital for international travel and commerce.

The other voltage levels mentioned represent standards in different parts of the world. For instance, 120 volts is commonly used in North America, while 220 volts is often seen as a previous standard before many countries transitioned to 230 volts. The mention of 310 volts is not typical for household electricity supply and is more relevant to specific industrial applications or older systems that are not commonly in use today. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the most