What is the software embedded in hardware components called?

Firmware is the correct answer because it refers specifically to the software that is embedded into hardware components. This type of software provides the necessary instructions for how the device communicates with the other hardware and performs its functions. Essentially, firmware acts as the intermediary between the hardware and higher-level software, enabling the hardware to perform its tasks effectively.

Firmware is usually stored in non-volatile memory, such as ROM (Read-Only Memory), and it is integral to the operation of devices like routers, printers, and embedded systems. Unlike standard software that can be easily updated or modified, firmware updates are often more complex and may involve a dedicated process to ensure that the hardware operates correctly after the update.

The other choices, although related to software and hardware, do not accurately describe the concept of embedded software. Software in general is a broad term encompassing all types of programs running on a computer system, hardware drivers are specific types of software that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware components, and utilities are programs designed to help manage, maintain, and control computer resources but do not relate to embedded software in hardware components.