What is the most long-range form of fixed wireless networking technology?

Satellite networks represent the most long-range form of fixed wireless networking technology due to their ability to provide coverage over vast geographic areas. Unlike terrestrial-based systems that rely on line-of-sight communication with ground stations, satellite networks operate by transmitting signals to and from satellites orbiting the Earth. This means they can facilitate communication in remote or rural areas where other forms of connectivity, like fiber or traditional wireless services, may not be available.

In addition, satellite technology can cover entire continents and oceans, making it an effective solution for users in locations that are otherwise difficult to reach. This long-range capability is particularly beneficial for applications such as maritime communications, remote sensing, and rural broadband services.

Other technologies listed, such as microwave-based fixed wireless networks, Wi-Fi, and cellular-based systems, have more limited ranges and are better suited for urban or suburban environments where coverage can be densely coordinated with ground stations or cells. In contrast, satellite networks can maintain a connection over much longer distances, highlighting their distinct advantage in terms of range.