What do Hub and Control Systems rely on for communication in IoT applications?

Hub and Control Systems in Internet of Things (IoT) applications typically utilize communication protocols that are specifically designed for low-power, low-data-rate, and short-range connectivity among devices. Z-Wave and ZigBee are two prominent protocols used in smart home and automation systems to facilitate this type of communication.

Z-Wave operates in the sub-GHz frequency range, which helps minimize interference with other wireless devices. It enables devices to communicate over a mesh network, improving reliability and extending range through the connection of various nodes.

ZigBee, similarly, utilizes a mesh networking topology, allowing devices to send and receive data in a way that conserves energy and maintains a strong connection across a network. It is often implemented for home automation, smart lighting, and other IoT applications that require devices to be connected without relying on high data speeds.

In contrast, the other options focus on either high-speed communication typically used for larger networks (like Ethernet and Fiber Optic) or more generalized protocols that don’t specifically cater to the unique requirements of IoT systems. While Bluetooth and Wi-Fi can be employed, they are not the primary technologies for hub and control systems in IoT, especially for applications that prioritize energy efficiency and longer battery life. LAN and WAN protocols