What architecture requires two or four identical processors for operation in traditional workstations and servers?

The correct choice is based on the architecture known as Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP). This architecture is characterized by a system where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory, allowing for concurrent processing of multiple tasks. In an SMP setup, each processor has equal access to the system's memory and I/O resources, enabling it to handle tasks independently while maintaining a level of balance in workload distribution among the processors.

SMP is commonly used in traditional workstations and server environments where performance improvement and effective multitasking are needed. The requirement for having two or four identical processors specifically aligns with the scalability and efficiency that SMP provides, allowing for enhanced performance without complex communications between different types of processors.

Other options refer to different configurations. Multi-core processors involve a single CPU chip housing multiple cores, which is a related but distinct concept focused on integrating multiple processing units within one processor rather than separate identical ones. Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP) employs different types of processors, each tasked with specific roles, leading to less uniform workload distribution and requiring more complexity in management. Lastly, a multi-processor system could refer to various configurations of processors, not limited to the identical processors that furnish the SMP architecture.